Gemstone Garnet has been a much sought after colored gem since ancient times. The stone is valued for its superior hardness & superb brilliance. The term garnet encompasses a family of closely related gemstones. There are several diverse varieties of garnet, but none of them are simply called “garnet”.
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Throughout history, garnets have been believed to hold certain powers. A garnet was thought to bring success to one’s business, cure depression, and provide one with protection and to boost self-esteem. The January birthstone, garnet, is thought to keep the wearer safe during travel.(It is also the gem of the second anniversary).
The different types of garnets share a common crystalline structure. What differs is their chemical composition. There are more than twenty garnet categories, called species, but only five are commercially important as gems. The gemological world recognizes six species of garnet on the basis of the changing chemical compositions. They are pyrope, almandine, spessartite, grossularite, uvarovite and andradite.
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Garnets are largely associated with the color red. Nonetheless, these gemstones can be found in almost any color. Availability in a multitude of colors and properties that make this stone rather durable and easy to work on are factors which promote their widespread use as gemstones.
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Originating from the Old English word, garnet, which means ‘dark-red,’ most people are accustomed with red garnets. They are unaware of many other garnet colors like pink, yellow, orange, blue, green, purple, brown, black & colorless. The garnet group of gems offers stones of many shades, including rare intense green varieties of andradite & grossular, fiery red pyrope & vibrant orange spessartine.
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Different types of Garnets are found in different regions on the globe. Madagascar, China, Sri Lanka and South Africa produce Pyrope. Almandite is found in the USA, Brazil and India. Other species include Spessartite from Kenya, China and Tanzania as well as other areas. Uvarovite is mined from Finland, Russia and Poland. Grossularite comes from Zambia, Myanmar and South Africa among other places.
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Like other gemstones, the value of individual garnets is decided on the basis of the 4 Cs. So far as color is concerned blue is the rarest color while red is the most common. Other existing color for this gemstone are green, yellow, orange, peach, brown, purple, & pink. Color changing Garnets are extremely rare and very valuable. Thus you can see that color is the most important attribute determining the value of a garnet. Then again, clarity, cut & carat size contribute towards the net worth of this gemstone.
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Pyrope: |
Pyrope garnets are chemically an aluminum silicate. They occur from nearly colorless to light orange & pink. It is also found in the familiar red color. Chrome pyrope garnet is a red that rivals ruby. However, they’re very dark in tone.
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Almandine: |
Almandine is chemically an iron aluminum garnet. This most common gemstone in the garnet family comes in a wide range of colors. The almandine-pyrope blend is the dark red variety popularly associated with garnets.
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Spessartine: |
Also known as Spessartite is a somewhat rare garnet that comes in a variety of orange hues. The orange garnets result from sodium-rich pegmatites. Spessartine always occurs in a blend with other species. Gems with the high spessartite content are light-orange. Stones with almandine content are reddish, to red-brown in shade.
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Grossularite: |
Grossularite is a calcium aluminum mineral species of the gemstone garnet. Unlike other garnets, these gems are rarely red or dark in tone. They can be found in every color, even colorless, except blue. They make and excellent choice as jewelry-stones because of their light to medium tones & vibrant colors.
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Uvarovite: |
Uvarovite is a chromium carrying garnet group species. Colored by chromium, it is always a dark, rich green. The green of this rarest stone in the garnet family rivals emerald. Rough material that can be faceted is invariably small & very rare.
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Star Garnet:: |
Star Garnet:
The star Garnet is another unusual form of this gemstone. Asterism, or the star phenomena seen in gemstones, is mostly associated with star sapphires and star rubies. However, the phenomena can also be seen in star Garnets which are extremely rare.
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Star garnets have so far been discovered only in two places in the world: in the state of Idaho in the USA, and in India. Garnet varieties that sometimes exhibit asterism are almandine and a mixture of almandine and pyrope garnet.
The Star phenomenon comes from a sufficient amount of rutile, a mineral composed of titanium oxide, arranged along the crystal planes of the stone. The rutile in the star garnet is commonly referred to as “silk”.
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The star garnet was designated the official state stone or gem of Idaho in 1967. More precious than either star rubies or star sapphires, the Idaho garnet is usually dark purple or plum in color, with four rays in the star (occasionally the star has six rays, as in a sapphire).
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Horsetail Inclusions In Garnets: |
Demantoid was first discovered in the Ural Mountains of Russia during the mid 19th century. The Demantoid gems sourced from Russia are known for having visible radiating needle-like inclusions inside the stones. Gathered at one end, and splayed out at the other, these long fibers have been likened to horsetails. Gemologists at the Gemological Institute of America coined the phrase “horsetail inclusions” to describe these fibers.
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It was earlier thought that demantoid garnets from sources other than Russia do not exhibit horsetail inclusions. Demantoid garnets with the horsetail inclusions have subsequently been found from sources, like Iran, Italy and Tajikistan.
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